By adopting a quasi-European lifestyle consisting of agriculture, religion and diplomacy, Lower Creeks endeavored to preserve their tribal autonomy by following a precedent set by Cherokees in neighboring Georgia. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, fought on Maeffectively ended Creek resistance to American advances into the southeast, opening up the Mississippi Territory for pioneer settlement.īy 1812, internal hostilities engulfed the Creek nation, dividing a once strong tribe into two stratified factions, the Lower Creek, who were generally pro-American, and the Upper Creek, who resisted American interference with their traditional way of life.
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